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Vegetables, fruit and dietary antioxidants - not individual nutrients in
supplements - lower risk of lymphoma Fall 2009, ONLINE ONLY 
The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) continues to slowly
increase in women aged 55 years or older, despite leveling off among
populations in developing countries, note researchers in this population-based,
prospective cohort study. While the etiology of NHL remains unknown,
data suggests a small number of patients are at greater risk due to
immunosuppression via immunosufficiency diseases and other related factors.
In this study, Thompson et al hypothesize dietary nutrients with antioxidant
properties may protect against NHL. In support of their hypothesis, researchers
cite growing evidence suggesting fruits and vegetables may protect against NHL,
together with other data noting that immune cells are typically high in antioxidants
while lower intakes of antioxidants have been linked to compromised immune system function.
Unlike other studies assessing limited antioxidant nutrients, this study is a
comprehensive analysis of associations of several selected micronutrients
derived from food and supplements, as well as several food groups.
This analysis includes 415 cases in the Iowa Women's Health Study over a 20-year follow-up period, and is the first to analyze subtypes of NHL, diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. The overall design for the cohort in 1986 included the collection of 41,836 questionnaires from women aged 55-69. The dietary component included a 127 item semi-qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Supplement use was also recorded, including daily dose, multivitamin intake, and whether or not women consumed additional vitamin C, E, selenium, zinc, copper and beta-carotene. Dietary flavonoid intakes were determined using food composition databases. Several follow-ups occurred between 1986 through 2005, and NHL incidence was recorded in collaboration with the Iowa Cancer Registry. With regard to total food intake, researchers observed an overall inverse association of vegetables and fruits with risk of NHL, particularly for yellow/orange and cruciferous vegetables and apple juice/cider respectively. Notably, no associations were observed for multivitamin use or supplemental intakes of vitamin C, E or any other micronutrients in supplement form. Yet, dietary antioxidants, such as dietary vitamin C, α-carotene, proanthocyanidins and dietary manganese all showed strong associations with diminished risk of NHL. Thompson et al note that like most other studies, because no association with supplemental antioxidants and NHL risk was observed, any decrease in lymphoma risk is likely mediated through foods. They conclude, stating "This has mechanistic implications (potential synergies between antioxidants; other anti-carcinogenic compounds in these foods) and also suggests that prevention approaches will likely need to be targeted towards foods and food groups and not individual nutrients, particularly taken as supplements." Study: Thompson, C., et al, International Journal of Cancer RETURN HOME from dietary antioxidants and lymphoma risk |
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