Unified Health
Dietary potassium increases bone mineral density and may help prevent osteoporosis
Spring 2009, Vol 5, Issue 15

In this featured study, researchers sought to examine the lesser known influence of dietary potassium on bone mineral density (BMD). Noting the public health significance of osteoporosis and bone fractures, investigators acknowledge that most bone health studies focus on calcium and vitamin D, and less on other contributing minerals and nutrients. Several epidemiological studies have noted the beneficial influence of potassium intake on bone mass in men and women of various age groups. However, few have assessed long-term bone health and potassium intake. In this study, Zhu et al investigated the long-term effects of potassium on BMD in a group of post menopausal women. Notably, to their knowledge this is the first study to use "peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to assess volumetric BMD in elderly women."

Researchers applied a "gold standard measure" 24-hour urinary analysis to confirm potassium intake predictions based on self-reported dietary questionnaires. Zhu et al note that 85% of potassium is known to be absorbed and approximately 85% of ingested potassium is excreted in urine. This study examined the relationship of baseline potassium intake (24-hour urine) among a randomly selected subgroup of 266 elderly postmenopausal women and BMD at one and five years later. The cohort was drawn from a five-year calcium intervention study in which 24-hour urine collections were taken. Subjects included in the study were women 70 years of age or older, likely to survive five years, and without consumption of any bone active agents.

Women were grouped into quartiles based on 24-hour urine excretion. No significant differences were observed in any of the groups in BMI, age, physical activity levels, dietary energy intake or consumption of calcium, vitamin C and protein. The highest quartile of urinary potassium excretion included the greatest percentage of subjects who had four or more kinds of vegetables per day. It was observed that the highest quartile also included women with a total hip BMD 5-6% greater than women in the lowest potassium excretion quartiles at baseline, and 4% greater at five years. While Zhu et al’s findings are consistent with other epidemiological data, they suggest an intervention study is needed to further elucidate the relationship of potassium intake and bone mineral density. Their research suggests that increasing consumption of potassium-rich foods may improve bone health and contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis.

Study: Zhu. et al, Osteoporos Int, 20:335-340 (2009)




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